The annual IX Astana Economic Forum "The new economic reality: diversification, innovations and the economy of knowledge" - a conversational platform to find effective solutions in the fight against the major economic and social challenges of modern times, was held on May 25-26, 2016. A panel session "The Eurasian transit and water potential for sustainable development of the world economy" was held in the framework of the Forum. Presentations were made at the session by Director of the Institute of Geography A.R. Medeu ("Territorial redistribution of water resources in Kazakhstan: problems and solutions") and Director of the Astana branch of the Institute of Geography F.Zh. Akiyanova ("Issues of economic assessment of water-transport potential of Kazakhstan").